穆克塔南达，Swami Muktananda，1908年5月16——1982年10月2，原名Krishna Rai，是悉达瑜（Siddha Yoga）的创始人。是尼提阿南达(Nityananda)的得意弟子，後者则是将吃屎当作修行的证量，从最初故意去吃牛粪到後来发展到坐在一堆人类的粪便前吃到酣畅淋漓，以彰显解脱和大成就。

（图为Swami Muktananda和他特意勇敢吃大便的上师——Nityananda。）

Swami Muktananda曾经花费九年的时间进行昆达里尼的冥想等，撰写了有关昆达里尼能量丶吠檀多和克什米尔湿婆主义主题的书籍。1970年至1981年间，三次环游世界，在许多国家建立了悉达瑜伽静修所和冥想中心，如旧金山湾区的Siddha Yoga Ashram丶纽约市西北部的Shree Muktananda Ashram。其创立的美国SYDA基金会，负责管理全球悉达瑜珈冥想。

世人以爲的单纯用来养生的瑜伽，背後竟然是性力派昆达里尼的瑜伽士在推动。

原文标题：六十分钟——斯瓦米·穆克塔南达

《《为什麽存在假大师？这是我们自己的错。我们选择我们的导师就像我们选择我们的政治家一样。假导师市场正在成长，因为假门徒市场正在成长。由於盲目的自私，假导师淹没了人们；由於盲目的自私和错误的理解，假弟子被困住。真正的门徒永远不会被假古鲁所困（Muktananda，1981；斜体添加）。

在斯瓦米·穆克塔南达（Swami Muktananda）去世前三天，我在印度进行了一次私人达显……他是一个伟大的人，一个非常有爱心的人（安东尼·罗宾斯， [汉密尔顿，1999]）。》》

斯瓦米·穆克塔南达(Swami Muktananda) 1908 年出生於印度门格洛尔，与尼姆·卡罗利·巴巴(Neem Karoli Baba) 一样，都是受人尊敬的大师巴加万·尼提阿南达(Bhagawan Nityananda) 的弟子，两人於1947 年认识。

并非巧合的是，1970 年拉姆·达斯 (Ram Dass) 将穆克塔南达 (Muktananda) 引入了美国。

为了协助他推进昆达里尼瑜伽实践的世界使命，穆克塔南达於 1974 年成立了 SYDA（悉达瑜伽）基金会，总部位於纽约州南福尔斯堡。

SYDA 的崇拜者包括杰瑞布朗丶卡莉西蒙丶詹姆斯泰勒丶戴安娜罗斯和伊莎贝拉罗西里尼。此外，还有罗姗娜·阿奎特丶梅格·瑞恩丶《科斯比秀》的菲莉西亚·拉沙德丶《迈阿密风云》的唐·约翰逊和他的妻子梅兰妮·格里菲斯，以及玛莎·梅森（尼尔·西蒙的前妻）。此外，歌手曼蒂·帕廷金(Mandy Patinkin)丶著名作曲家吉米·韦伯(Jimmy Webb)（《麦克阿瑟公园》和《Up, Up and Away (With My Beautiful, My Beautiful Guru...)》的作曲家）以及太空人埃德加·米切尔(Edgar Mitchell)。

{（版按：印度教以神秘的东方文化的面孔，于上世纪初出现在文化信仰单一的欧美人士面前，相较於信仰耶稣和圣母，印度教信奉的神明是多种多样的，有梵天丶有毗湿奴丶有湿婆，还有卡利女神丶吉祥天女丶雪山神女丶大黑天等等；在信仰方式上，信耶稣和圣母除了礼拜就是唱诵圣歌，但印度教有冥想丶有瑜伽丶有活人祭祀丶有舞蹈祭祀，甚至印度教性力派还传授男女交合丶神秘的脉轮和生殖能量——昆达里尼，另外印度教的黑魔法似乎也充满了神奇的预知能力。这名目繁多的花样，对於欧美人士来説无疑是新鲜的丶足以令人好奇到眼花缭乱。所以印度教丶瑜伽丶谭崔可以在瑜伽士的吹嘘下，以练习瑜伽的名义设立种种机构，又在演艺人员的带动下，形成风潮丶新浪潮席卷整个欧美的文化圈。以吸毒的邱阳创巴的语句来形容：基督教有点拘谨。在同爲性力派的印度教密宗和西藏密宗大湿们的推动下，欧美的基督教逐渐走入失控的性解放。

印度教的昆达里尼，与西藏密宗的谭崔丶坦特罗是堂兄弟丶表兄弟的近亲关系，或者说是印度教的私生子也恰当，原本便都是印度教性力派的核心教义。也因此，瑜伽士们丶印度教的大师们，和西藏密宗的大湿们同样都是性丑闻漫天飞。毕竟人家才是相近的血统关系。所以，第十六世噶玛巴公开表示：穆克达难陀是他在佛法上的兄弟。

原文如下：
有一次，我听到现已过世的16世葛玛巴尊者说，穆克达难陀是他在佛法上的兄弟，并补充说，“我的修行是一样的”。当然，穆克达难陀，像很多代人一样，和西藏人一样，是从同样的八十四大成就者谱系传承下来的，在两种传统中他们的主要修行都是上师瑜伽或者上师虔诚。
此外，穆克达难陀呈现了一个混合遗产，包括湿婆崇拜和克什米尔·希瓦宗，还有克利须那崇拜和吠檀多一—并且比任何其他人做得更多的是，在西方传播了索哈姆念诵。
（智）克劳迪奥·纳兰霍，《沉默之道——冥想与心理治疗》，重庆大学出版社，2023.08，第193页）}

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《《凡是达到灵性完美的人都是透过祂的古鲁做到的。上师赐予充满恩典丶完全自由和自我解放的生活。上师的加持对於持久的成就是绝对必要的。没有上师，人是不快乐的；与古鲁在一起，他充满喜悦。因此，将自己完全臣服於古鲁（Muktananda，1978；斜体添加）。

古鲁应该拥有一切美德……如果他……沉迷於感官享乐，他就不可能成为真正的古鲁……

没有古鲁，一个人就不可能理解真理（Muktananda，1999）。》》

据报道，穆克塔南达对婚姻关系的具体看法采取了以下形式：

《《穆克塔南达建议他的信徒不要发生性行为……「对於冥想，」他在 1972 年对南福尔斯堡的观众说，「你需要的是……精髓的活力。因此，只要你留在修道院里，我就坚持完全独身」（Harris，1994）。》》

但是，这些规则显然只是为了弟子的利益，而不是为了不再需要它们的上师。

《《在他位於印度加内什普里的静修所，「他有一条从他家到年轻女孩宿舍的秘密通道」，一位[前追随者]报道道。 「无论他和谁在一起，他都已经换到那个宿舍了。 [他]整夜都让女孩们在他的卧室里进进出出」（Rae，1991）。》》

（版按：秘密通道都修了，正常成人应该都想得到目的是什麽。西藏密宗常常采用同样的方式，布达拉宫在刚被解放之时，被人发现地宫里很多女性骨骸。台湾的圣轮法师——杨赞儒强暴女信徒的时候，也是在房间里设置了隐秘的开关和电梯，直通他男女双修的场所。）

其中一名据称参加游行的女孩——「詹妮弗」——声称在 1978 年初被这位伟大的宗教领袖强奸。

《《穆克塔南达与珍妮佛发生了一个小时的性关系，她说，并为此感到非常自豪。 「他一直说，『六十分钟，』」她说（Rodarmor，1983）。》》

「一个非常有爱的男人。」（An incredibly loving man.）

然而，这位「独身」大师所报告的对性的宽容，显然并没有延伸到性宽容：

《《「古鲁绝对不会与情妇调情或与同性恋者交往，」穆克塔南达 1976 年的一封信中写道。 「同性恋者被认为是太监－恶心丶不纯洁丶不吉利」（Chew，1998）。》》

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《《如果湿婆生气，上师可以保护你，但如果上师生气，没有人可以拯救你（Muktananda，1999）。》》

（版按：不仅仅是同样都将性力交合作爲根本教义，在西藏密宗和印度教的相似性上，还有许多。比如个人崇拜丶对上师要无条件服从，与西藏密宗的三昧耶戒丶十四根本堕如出一辙。这是邪教教主的特徵性标志，一方面尊崇着他们信奉的神，一方面又自大得很，以爲自己比湿婆神都大，这种信仰很诡异，应该称爲自相矛盾的信仰，在西藏密宗里也是如此，一面讲着他们信佛菩萨，一面在四皈依之时将佛菩萨放在上师之後。佛菩萨竟然比不上他们的上师！愕然！
那密宗爲什麽要信佛？他就信他的上师好了，就叫做「上师教丶喇嘛教丶藏传性力教丶藏传印度教」等等反而更贴切，何必要勉强叫做佛教？唉！司马昭之心。）

对他的门徒来说不幸的是：

《《「穆克塔南达脾气暴躁，」（理查德）格莱姆斯说，「他会无缘无故地对某人尖叫或大喊大叫。」他[声称]多次看到古鲁殴打人（Rodarmor，1983）。》》

事实上，据报道，这位大师的贴身男仆诺尼·帕特尔（Noni Patel）曾因身体一侧的奇怪伤口而寻求治疗。

「起初，他没有透露自己是如何得到它的，」格莱姆斯的妻子洛特回忆道。 「後来发现 [Muktananda] 用叉子刺伤了他」（Rodarmor，1983）。

这明显违反了礼仪。

** **

前记者莎莉·肯普顿（Sally Kempton），又名斯瓦米·杜尔甘南达（Swami Durgananda），於1974 年开始追随穆克塔南达。达及其继任者的静修院待了几十年後，她於2002 年回到世俗世界，从事教学工作。此後，她找到了《瑜伽杂志》专栏作家的工作，并接受了 Ken Wilber 的 Integral Naked 论坛 (www.integralnaked.org) 的采访。

然而，Lis Harris（1994）关於 SYDA 的文章包含许多涉及 Durgananda 的片段以及她对 Muktananda 所谓行为的否认，所有这些片段都非常值得一读。

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关於穆克塔南达自己的圣人导师尼提阿南达（Nityananda，於 1960 年去世），现存以下资讯：

《《他是一位天生的成就者（「完美存在」），一生都活在最高的意识状态中（Muktananda，1999）。
祂是一个无所不知的存在；但他仍然表现得好像他知道的不多。
......
他只是偶尔说话；然而，你无法理解他（Muktananda，1996）。》》

「他是最好的大师；他是最糟糕的大师，」等等。

《《当他二十多岁的时候，他会躲在树後面，耐心地等待一头牛向他走来。当动物站起来掉落牛粪时，它会冲上前，在半空中舀起粪便，然後吞下它（Feuerstein，1992）。》》

嗯。这样的盛宴也没有耗尽瑜珈修行者对牛及其直肠分泌物的兴趣：

《《有时人们会看到他在马路中间（当时几乎没有汽车通行），在牛落地之前接住它的粪便，把它放在头上，然後像铁路一样吹口哨就像孩子们经常做的那样（Hatengdi ，1984）。》》

「呜呜！下一站，卢尼站。

《《尼提阿南达Nityananda常常谈到具有乌鸦心态的奉献者。巴巴（版按：巴巴是信徒对上师的尊称）说，乌鸦即使在天堂也坚持吃屎，因为那是他已经习惯的事。这正是这些吹毛求疵的奉献者的行为方式（Muktananda，1996）。》》

牛丶乌鸦丶咕咕声……还有更多：

《《还有一次，他从头到脚（包括嘴唇）都沾满了[人类]排泄物。他坐在厕所附近，面前堆着大堆粪便。每次有信徒经过他身边时，他都会喊道：「孟买哈尔瓦（糖果）——非常好吃——想吃吗？可以称重并给你一些」（Feuerstein，1992）。》》

South Park Yoga。

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到 1982 年 Muktananda 去世时，他的 SYDA 基金会在全球经营 11 个修道院和数百个冥想中心。他最初由他的弟子古鲁玛伊（1955 年至今）和她的弟弟共同继承。然而，在 1980 年代中期的一场所谓的权力斗争中，後者在有争议的情况下离开了该组织，之後古鲁马伊独自统治（Harris，1994）。

有关 SYDA 虐待和骚扰的指控可在 www.leavingsiddhayoga.net 以及 Harris (1994) 中找到。

SIXTY MINUTES
(SWAMI MUKTANANDA)

Why do false Gurus exist? It is our own fault. We choose our Gurus just as we choose our politicians. The false Guru market is growing because the false disciple market is growing. Because of his blind selfishness, a false Guru drowns people, and because of his blind selfishness and wrong understanding, a false disciple gets trapped. A true disciple would never be trapped by a false Guru (Muktananda, 1981; italics added).
I had a private darshan ... with Swami Muktananda in India three days before he died, and I thought he was a magnificent man, an incredibly loving man (Anthony Robbins, in [Hamilton, 1999]).

BORN IN 1908 IN MANGALORE, India, Swami Muktananda, like Neem Karoli Baba, was a disciple of the respected guru Bhagawan Nityananda, whom he met in 1947.

Not coincidentally, in 1970 Ram Dass introduced Muktananda to America.

To aid his world mission in furthering the practice of kundalini yoga, Muktananda in 1974 established the SYDA (Siddha Yoga) Foundation, with headquarters in South Fallsburg, NY.

SYDA admirers have included Jerry Brown, Carly Simon, James Taylor, Diana Ross and Isabella Rossellini. Also, Rosanna Arquette, Meg Ryan, The Cosby Show’s Phylicia Rashad, Miami Vice’s Don Johnson and his wife Melanie Griffith, and Marsha Mason (Neil Simon’s ex-wife). Plus, singer Mandy Patinkin, celebrated songwriter Jimmy Webb—composer of both “MacArthur Park” and “Up, Up and Away (With My Beautiful, My Beautiful Guru....)”—and astronaut Edgar Mitchell.

* * *
Whoever has attained spiritual perfection has done so through his Guru. The Guru grants a life full of grace, complete freedom, and liberation of the Self. The Guru’s favor is absolutely necessary for lasting attainment. Without a Guru man is unhappy; with a Guru he is full of joy. So surrender yourself completely to the Guru (Muktananda, 1978; italics added).
The Guru should possess every virtue.... He cannot be a true Guru if he ... indulges in sense pleasures....
Without the Guru, it is not possible for a person to understand the Truth (Muktananda, 1999).
Muktananda’s specific view toward conjugal relations, further, reportedly took the following form:

Muktananda advised his devotees to refrain from sex.... “For meditation,” he told a South Fallsburg audience in 1972, “what you need is ... seminal vigor. Therefore I insist on total celibacy as long as you are staying in the ashram” (Harris, 1994).
But then, those rules are obviously there only for the benefit of the disciples, not for the guru who no longer needs them.

At his Ganeshpuri, India, ashram, “he had a secret passageway from his house to the young girls’ dormitory,” one [ex-follower] reported. “Whoever he was carrying on with, he had switched to that dorm. [He] had girls marching in and out of his bedroom all night long” (Rae, 1991).
One of the girls thus allegedly marching—“Jennifer”—claimed to have been raped by the great guru in early 1978.

Muktananda had intercourse with Jennifer for an hour, she said, and was quite proud of the fact. “He kept saying, ‘Sixty minutes,’” she said (Rodarmor, 1983).
“An incredibly loving man.”

The “celibate” guru’s reported tolerance for sex, however, apparently did not extend to sexual tolerance:

“A Guru would never be flirting with mistresses or hobnobbing with homosexuals,” a 1976 Muktananda missive reads. “Homosexuals are considered to be eunuchs—disgusting, impure, and inauspicious” (Chew, 1998).
* * *
If Shiva is angry, the Guru can protect you, but if the Guru becomes angry, no one can save you (in Muktananda, 1999).
Unfortunately for his disciples, then:

“Muktananda had a ferocious temper,” said [Richard] Grimes, “and would scream or yell at someone for no seeming reason.” He [claims that he] saw the guru beating people on many occasions (Rodarmor, 1983).
Indeed, Noni Patel, the guru’s valet, reportedly once sought treatment for an odd wound in his side.

“At first, he wouldn’t say how he had gotten it,” Grimes’ wife Lotte recalled. “Later it came out that [Muktananda] had stabbed him with a fork” (Rodarmor, 1983).
A clear breach of etiquette, that.

* * *
Former journalist Sally Kempton, a.k.a. Swami Durgananda, began following Muktananda in 1974. After decades in the ashrams of the “fully enlightened” Muktananda and his successor, she returned to the secular world in 2002, to teach. She has since found work as a columnist for Yoga Journal, and been interviewed on Ken Wilber’s Integral Naked forum (www.integralnaked.org).

Lis Harris’ (1994) article on SYDA, however, contains numerous segments involving Durgananda and her denials of Muktananda’s alleged behaviors, all of them very much worth reading.

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Of Muktananda’s own sagely guru, Nityananda (who died in 1960), the following information is extant:

He was a born siddha [“perfected being”], living his entire life in the highest state of consciousness (Muktananda, 1999).
He was an omniscient being; still he appeared as if he didn’t know much....
Only occasionally would he speak; however, you could not understand him (Muktananda, 1996).
“He was the best of gurus; he was the worst of gurus,” etc.

[W]hen in his twenties, he would hide behind trees, patiently waiting for a cow to come his way. The moment the animal stood to drop a cowpat, he would rush forward, scoop up the dropping in midair, and then swallow it (Feuerstein, 1992).
Yum. Nor did such feasting exhaust the yogi’s interest in cows and their rectal output:

He would at times be seen in the middle of the road (there was hardly any motor traffic in those days), catching the dropping from a cow before it fell to the ground, putting it on his head, and then whistling just like a railway engine and chugging away, as children often do (Hatengdi, 1984).
“Woo-woo! Next stop, Looney Station.”

[Nityananda] would speak quite frequently about devotees who had the mentality of a crow. A crow, even in heaven, said Baba, insists on eating shit, because that is what he has been accustomed to. And this is exactly how these faultfinding devotees behave (Muktananda, 1996).
Cows, crows, choo-choos ... and more:

On another occasion, he besmeared himself from head to toe [i.e., including his lips] with [human] excrement. He sat near the lavatories, with large heaps of excrement piled in front of him. Each time a devotee passed him, he would call out, “Bombay halwa [sweets]—very tasty—want to eat? Can weigh and give you some” (Feuerstein, 1992).
South Park Yoga.

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By the time of Muktananda’s death in 1982, his SYDA Foundation operated eleven ashrams and hundreds of meditation centers worldwide. He was initially co-succeeded by his disciple Gurumayi (1955 － present) and her younger brother. Following an alleged power struggle in the mid-1980s in which that latter sibling left the organization under disputed circumstances, however, Gurumayi rules alone (Harris, 1994).

Allegations of abuses and harassment by SYDA can be found at www.leavingsiddhayoga.net, as well as in Harris (1994).

www.strippingthegurus.com/stgsamplechapters/muktananda.html