The Truth of Tibetan Buddhism

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佛教未傳入西藏之前,西藏當地已有民間信仰的“苯教”流傳,作法事供養鬼神、祈求降福之類,是西藏本有的民間信仰。

到了唐代藏王松贊干布引進所謂的“佛教”,也就是天竺密教時期的坦特羅佛教──左道密宗──成為西藏正式的國教;為了適應民情,把原有的“苯教”民間鬼神信仰融入藏傳“佛教”中,從此變質的藏傳“佛教”益發邪謬而不單只有左道密宗的雙身法,也就是男女雙修。由後來的阿底峽傳入西藏的“佛教”,雖未公然弘傳雙身法,但也一樣有暗中弘傳。

但是前弘期的蓮花生已正式把印度教性力派的“双身修法”帶進西藏,融入密教中公然弘傳,因此所謂的“藏傳佛教”已完全脱離佛教的法義,甚至最基本的佛教表相也都背離了,所以“藏傳佛教”正確的名稱應該是“喇嘛教”也就是──左道密宗融合了西藏民間信仰──已經不算是佛教了。

   
                  十六世噶瑪巴自認佛法修行相同——性力派Swami Muktananda習昆達里尼很持久

 


穆克塔南達,Swami Muktananda,1908年5月16——1982年10月2,原名Krishna Rai,是悉達瑜(Siddha Yoga)的創始人。是尼提阿南達(Nityananda)的得意弟子,後者則是將吃屎當作修行的証量,從最初故意去吃牛糞到後來發展到坐在一堆人類的糞便前吃到酣暢淋漓,以彰顯解脫和大成就。

 


(圖為Swami Muktananda和他特意勇敢吃大便的上師——Nityananda。)

Swami Muktananda曾經花費九年的時間進行昆達里尼的冥想等,撰寫了有關昆達里尼能量、吠檀多和克什米爾濕婆主義主題的書籍。1970年至1981年間,三次環游世界,在許多國家建立了悉達瑜伽靜修所和冥想中心,如舊金山灣區的Siddha Yoga Ashram、紐約市西北部的Shree Muktananda Ashram。其創立的美國SYDA基金會,負責管理全球悉達瑜珈冥想。

世人以爲的單純用來養生的瑜伽,背後竟然是性力派昆達里尼的瑜伽士在推動。

以下譯文:

原文標題:六十分鐘——斯瓦米·穆克塔南達

《《為什麼存在假大師?這是我們自己的錯。我們選擇我們的導師就像我們選擇我們的政治家一樣。假導師市場正在成長,因為假門徒市場正在成長。由於盲目的自私,假導師淹沒了人們;由於盲目的自私和錯誤的理解,假弟子被困住。真正的門徒永遠不會被假古魯所困(Muktananda,1981;斜體添加)。

在斯瓦米·穆克塔南達(Swami Muktananda)去世前三天,我在印度進行了一次私人達顯……他是一個偉大的人,一個非常有愛心的人(安東尼·羅賓斯, [漢密爾頓,1999])。》》

斯瓦米·穆克塔南達(Swami Muktananda) 1908 年出生於印度門格洛爾,與尼姆·卡羅利·巴巴(Neem Karoli Baba) 一樣,都是受人尊敬的大師巴加萬·尼提阿南達(Bhagawan Nityananda) 的弟子,兩人於1947 年認識。

並非巧合的是,1970 年拉姆·達斯 (Ram Dass) 將穆克塔南達 (Muktananda) 引入了美國。

為了協助他推進昆達里尼瑜伽實踐的世界使命,穆克塔南達於 1974 年成立了 SYDA(悉達瑜伽)基金會,總部位於紐約州南福爾斯堡。

SYDA 的崇拜者包括傑瑞布朗、卡莉西蒙、詹姆斯泰勒、戴安娜羅斯和伊莎貝拉羅西里尼。此外,還有羅姍娜·阿奎特、梅格·瑞恩、《科斯比秀》的菲莉西亞·拉沙德、《邁阿密風雲》的唐·約翰遜和他的妻子梅蘭妮·格里菲斯,以及瑪莎·梅森(尼爾·西蒙的前妻)。此外,歌手曼蒂·帕廷金(Mandy Patinkin)、著名作曲家吉米·韋伯(Jimmy Webb)(《麥克阿瑟公園》和《Up, Up and Away (With My Beautiful, My Beautiful Guru...)》的作曲家)以及太空人埃德加·米切爾(Edgar Mitchell)。

{ 版按:印度教以神秘的東方文化的面孔,于上世紀初出現在文化信仰單一的歐美人士面前,相較於信仰耶穌和聖母,印度教信奉的神明是多種多樣的,有梵天、有毗溼奴、有濕婆,還有卡利女神、吉祥天女、雪山神女、大黑天等等;在信仰方式上,信耶穌和聖母除了禮拜就是唱誦聖歌,但印度教有冥想、有瑜伽、有活人祭祀、有舞蹈祭祀,甚至印度教性力派還傳授男女交合、神秘的脈輪和生殖能量——昆達里尼,另外印度教的黑魔法似乎也充滿了神奇的預知能力。這名目繁多的花樣,對於歐美人士來説無疑是新鮮的、足以令人好奇到眼花繚亂。所以印度教、瑜伽、譚崔可以在瑜伽士的吹噓下,以練習瑜伽的名義設立種種機構,又在演藝人員的帶動下,形成風潮、新浪潮席捲整個歐美的文化圈。以吸毒的邱陽創巴的語句來形容:基督教有點拘謹。在同爲性力派的印度教密宗和西藏密宗大濕們的推動下,歐美的基督教逐漸走入失控的性解放。

印度教的昆達里尼,與西藏密宗的譚崔、坦特羅是堂兄弟、表兄弟的近親關係,或者說是印度教的私生子也恰當,原本便都是印度教性力派的核心教義。也因此,瑜伽士們、印度教的大師們,和西藏密宗的大濕們同樣都是性醜聞漫天飛。畢竟人家才是相近的血統關係。所以,第十六世噶瑪巴公開表示:穆克达难陀是他在佛法上的兄弟。

原文如下:

有一次,我听到现已过世的16世葛玛巴尊者说,穆克达难陀是他在佛法上的兄弟,并补充说,“我的修行是一样的”。当然,穆克达难陀,像很多代人一样,和西藏人一样,是从同样的八十四大成就者谱系传承下来的,在两种传统中他们的主要修行都是上师瑜伽或者上师虔诚。
此外,穆克达难陀呈现了一个混合遗产,包括湿婆崇拜和克什米尔·希瓦宗,还有克利须那崇拜和吠檀多一—并且比任何其他人做得更多的是,在西方传播了索哈姆念诵。
(智)克劳迪奥·纳兰霍,《沉默之道——冥想与心理治疗》,重庆大学出版社,2023.08,第193页)}

** **
《《凡是達到靈性完美的人都是透過祂的古魯做到的。上師賜予充滿恩典、完全自由和自我解放的生活。上師的加持對於持久的成就是絕對必要的。沒有上師,人是不快樂的;與古魯在一起,他充滿喜悅。因此,將自己完全臣服於古魯(Muktananda,1978;斜體添加)。
古魯應該擁有一切美德……如果他……沉迷於感官享樂,他就不可能成為真正的古魯……
沒有古魯,一個人就不可能理解真理(Muktananda,1999)。》》

據報道,穆克塔南達對婚姻關係的具體看法採取了以下形式:

《《穆克塔南達建議他的信徒不要發生性行為……「對於冥想,」他在 1972 年對南福爾斯堡的觀眾說,「你需要的是……精髓的活力。因此,只要你留在修道院裡,我就堅持完全獨身」(Harris,1994)。》》

但是,這些規則顯然只是為了弟子的利益,而不是為了不再需要它們的上師。

《《在他位於印度加內什普里的靜修所,「他有一條從他家到年輕女孩宿舍的秘密通道」,一位[前追隨者]報道道。 「無論他和誰在一起,他都已經換到那個宿捨了。 [他]整夜都讓女孩們在他的臥室裡進進出出」(Rae,1991)。》》

版按:秘密通道都修了,正常成人應該都想得到目的是什麽。西藏密宗常常采用同樣的方式,布達拉宮在剛被解放之時,被人發現地宮裏很多女性骨骸。台灣的聖輪法師——楊讚儒强暴女信徒的時候,也是在房間裏設置了隱秘的開關和電梯,直通他男女雙修的場所。

其中一名據稱參加遊行的女孩——「詹妮弗」——聲稱在 1978 年初被這位偉大的宗教領袖強姦。

《《穆克塔南達與珍妮佛發生了一個小時的性關係,她說,並為此感到非常自豪。 「他一直說,『六十分鐘,』」

說(Rodarmor,1983)。》》

「一個非常有愛的男人。」(An incredibly loving man.)

然而,這位「獨身」大師所報告的對性的寬容,顯然並沒有延伸到性寬容:

《《「古魯絕對不會與情婦調情或與同性戀者交往,」穆克塔南達 1976 年的一封信中寫道。 「同性戀者被認為是太監-噁心、不純潔、不吉利」(Chew,1998)。》》

** **
《《如果濕婆生氣,上師可以保護你,但如果上師生氣,沒有人可以拯救你(Muktananda,1999)。》》

版按:不僅僅是同樣都將性力交合作爲根本教義,在西藏密宗和印度教的相似性上,還有許多。比如個人崇拜、對上師要無條件服從,與西藏密宗的三昧耶戒、十四根本墮如出一轍。這是邪教教主的特徵性標志,一方面尊崇著他們信奉的神,一方面又自大得很,以爲自己比濕婆神都大,這種信仰很詭異,應該稱爲自相矛盾的信仰,在西藏密宗裏也是如此,一面講著他們信佛菩薩,一面在四皈依之時將佛菩薩放在上師之後。佛菩薩竟然比不上他們的上師!愕然!
那密宗爲什麽要信佛?他就信他的上師好了,就叫做「上師教、喇嘛教、藏傳性力教、藏傳印度教」等等反而更貼切,何必要勉强叫做佛教?唉!司馬昭之心。

對他的門徒來說不幸的是:

《《「穆克塔南達脾氣暴躁,」(理查德)格萊姆斯說,「他會無緣無故地對某人尖叫或大喊大叫。」他[聲稱]多次看到古魯毆打人(Rodarmor,1983)。》》

事實上,據報道,這位大師的貼身男僕諾尼·帕特爾(Noni Patel)曾因身體一側的奇怪傷口而尋求治療。

「起初,他沒有透露自己是如何得到它的,」格萊姆斯的妻子洛特回憶道。 「後來發現 [Muktananda] 用叉子刺傷了他」(Rodarmor,1983)。

這明顯違反了禮儀。

** **

前記者莎莉·肯普頓(Sally Kempton),又名斯瓦米·杜爾甘南達(Swami Durgananda),於1974 年開始追隨穆克塔南達。達及其繼任者的靜修院待了幾十年後,她於2002 年回到世俗世界,從事教學工作。此後,她找到了《瑜伽雜誌》專欄作家的工作,並接受了 Ken Wilber 的 Integral Naked 論壇 (www.integralnaked.org) 的採訪。

然而,Lis Harris(1994)關於 SYDA 的文章包含許多涉及 Durgananda 的片段以及她對 Muktananda 所謂行為的否認,所有這些片段都非常值得一讀。

** **
關於穆克塔南達自己的聖人導師尼提阿南達(Nityananda,於 1960 年去世),現存以下資訊:

《《他是一位天生的成就者(「完美存在」),一生都活在最高的意識狀態中(Muktananda,1999)。
祂是一個無所不知的存在;但他仍然表現得好像他知道的不多。
......
他只是偶爾說話;然而,你無法理解他(Muktananda,1996)。》》

「他是最好的大師;他是最糟糕的大師,」等等。

《《當他二十多歲的時候,他會躲在樹後面,耐心地等待一頭牛向他走來。當動物站起來掉落牛糞時,它會衝上前,在半空中舀起糞便,然後吞下它(Feuerstein,1992)。》》

嗯。這樣的盛宴也沒有耗盡瑜珈修行者對牛及其直腸分泌物的興趣:

《《有時人們會看到他在馬路中間(當時幾乎沒有汽車通行),在牛落地之前接住它的糞便,把它放在頭上,然後像鐵路一樣吹口哨就像孩子們經常做的那樣(Hatengdi ,1984)。》》

「嗚嗚!下一站,盧尼站。

《《尼提阿南達Nityananda常常談到具有烏鴉心態的奉獻者。巴巴(版按:巴巴是信徒對上師的尊稱)說,烏鴉即使在天堂也堅持吃屎,因為那是他已經習慣的事。這正是這些吹毛求疵的奉獻者的行為方式(Muktananda,1996)。》》

牛、烏鴉、咕咕聲……還有更多:

《《還有一次,他從頭到腳(包括嘴唇)都沾滿了[人類]排泄物。他坐在廁所附近,面前堆著大堆糞便。每次有信徒經過他身邊時,他都會喊道:「孟買哈爾瓦(糖果)——非常好吃——想吃嗎?可以稱重並給你一些」(Feuerstein,1992)。》》

South Park Yoga。

** **
到 1982 年 Muktananda 去世時,他的 SYDA 基金會在全球經營 11 個修道院和數百個冥想中心。他最初由他的弟子古魯瑪伊(1955 年至今)和她的弟弟共同繼承。然而,在 1980 年代中期的一場所謂的權力鬥爭中,後者在有爭議的情況下離開了該組織,之後古魯馬伊獨自統治(Harris,1994)。

有關 SYDA 虐待和騷擾的指控可在 www.leavingsiddhayoga.net 以及 Harris (1994) 中找到。


SIXTY MINUTES
(SWAMI MUKTANANDA)

Why do false Gurus exist? It is our own fault. We choose our Gurus just as we choose our politicians. The false Guru market is growing because the false disciple market is growing. Because of his blind selfishness, a false Guru drowns people, and because of his blind selfishness and wrong understanding, a false disciple gets trapped. A true disciple would never be trapped by a false Guru (Muktananda, 1981; italics added).
I had a private darshan ... with Swami Muktananda in India three days before he died, and I thought he was a magnificent man, an incredibly loving man (Anthony Robbins, in [Hamilton, 1999]).

BORN IN 1908 IN MANGALORE, India, Swami Muktananda, like Neem Karoli Baba, was a disciple of the respected guru Bhagawan Nityananda, whom he met in 1947.

Not coincidentally, in 1970 Ram Dass introduced Muktananda to America.

To aid his world mission in furthering the practice of kundalini yoga, Muktananda in 1974 established the SYDA (Siddha Yoga) Foundation, with headquarters in South Fallsburg, NY.

SYDA admirers have included Jerry Brown, Carly Simon, James Taylor, Diana Ross and Isabella Rossellini. Also, Rosanna Arquette, Meg Ryan, The Cosby Show’s Phylicia Rashad, Miami Vice’s Don Johnson and his wife Melanie Griffith, and Marsha Mason (Neil Simon’s ex-wife). Plus, singer Mandy Patinkin, celebrated songwriter Jimmy Webb—composer of both “MacArthur Park” and “Up, Up and Away (With My Beautiful, My Beautiful Guru....)”—and astronaut Edgar Mitchell.

* * *
Whoever has attained spiritual perfection has done so through his Guru. The Guru grants a life full of grace, complete freedom, and liberation of the Self. The Guru’s favor is absolutely necessary for lasting attainment. Without a Guru man is unhappy; with a Guru he is full of joy. So surrender yourself completely to the Guru (Muktananda, 1978; italics added).
The Guru should possess every virtue.... He cannot be a true Guru if he ... indulges in sense pleasures....
Without the Guru, it is not possible for a person to understand the Truth (Muktananda, 1999).
Muktananda’s specific view toward conjugal relations, further, reportedly took the following form:

Muktananda advised his devotees to refrain from sex.... “For meditation,” he told a South Fallsburg audience in 1972, “what you need is ... seminal vigor. Therefore I insist on total celibacy as long as you are staying in the ashram” (Harris, 1994).
But then, those rules are obviously there only for the benefit of the disciples, not for the guru who no longer needs them.

At his Ganeshpuri, India, ashram, “he had a secret passageway from his house to the young girls’ dormitory,” one [ex-follower] reported. “Whoever he was carrying on with, he had switched to that dorm. [He] had girls marching in and out of his bedroom all night long” (Rae, 1991).
One of the girls thus allegedly marching—“Jennifer”—claimed to have been raped by the great guru in early 1978.

Muktananda had intercourse with Jennifer for an hour, she said, and was quite proud of the fact. “He kept saying, ‘Sixty minutes,’” she said (Rodarmor, 1983).
“An incredibly loving man.”

The “celibate” guru’s reported tolerance for sex, however, apparently did not extend to sexual tolerance:

“A Guru would never be flirting with mistresses or hobnobbing with homosexuals,” a 1976 Muktananda missive reads. “Homosexuals are considered to be eunuchs—disgusting, impure, and inauspicious” (Chew, 1998).
* * *
If Shiva is angry, the Guru can protect you, but if the Guru becomes angry, no one can save you (in Muktananda, 1999).
Unfortunately for his disciples, then:

“Muktananda had a ferocious temper,” said [Richard] Grimes, “and would scream or yell at someone for no seeming reason.” He [claims that he] saw the guru beating people on many occasions (Rodarmor, 1983).
Indeed, Noni Patel, the guru’s valet, reportedly once sought treatment for an odd wound in his side.

“At first, he wouldn’t say how he had gotten it,” Grimes’ wife Lotte recalled. “Later it came out that [Muktananda] had stabbed him with a fork” (Rodarmor, 1983).
A clear breach of etiquette, that.

* * *
Former journalist Sally Kempton, a.k.a. Swami Durgananda, began following Muktananda in 1974. After decades in the ashrams of the “fully enlightened” Muktananda and his successor, she returned to the secular world in 2002, to teach. She has since found work as a columnist for Yoga Journal, and been interviewed on Ken Wilber’s Integral Naked forum (www.integralnaked.org).

Lis Harris’ (1994) article on SYDA, however, contains numerous segments involving Durgananda and her denials of Muktananda’s alleged behaviors, all of them very much worth reading.

* * *
Of Muktananda’s own sagely guru, Nityananda (who died in 1960), the following information is extant:

He was a born siddha [“perfected being”], living his entire life in the highest state of consciousness (Muktananda, 1999).
He was an omniscient being; still he appeared as if he didn’t know much....
Only occasionally would he speak; however, you could not understand him (Muktananda, 1996).
“He was the best of gurus; he was the worst of gurus,” etc.

[W]hen in his twenties, he would hide behind trees, patiently waiting for a cow to come his way. The moment the animal stood to drop a cowpat, he would rush forward, scoop up the dropping in midair, and then swallow it (Feuerstein, 1992).
Yum. Nor did such feasting exhaust the yogi’s interest in cows and their rectal output:

He would at times be seen in the middle of the road (there was hardly any motor traffic in those days), catching the dropping from a cow before it fell to the ground, putting it on his head, and then whistling just like a railway engine and chugging away, as children often do (Hatengdi, 1984).
“Woo-woo! Next stop, Looney Station.”

[Nityananda] would speak quite frequently about devotees who had the mentality of a crow. A crow, even in heaven, said Baba, insists on eating shit, because that is what he has been accustomed to. And this is exactly how these faultfinding devotees behave (Muktananda, 1996).
Cows, crows, choo-choos ... and more:

On another occasion, he besmeared himself from head to toe [i.e., including his lips] with [human] excrement. He sat near the lavatories, with large heaps of excrement piled in front of him. Each time a devotee passed him, he would call out, “Bombay halwa [sweets]—very tasty—want to eat? Can weigh and give you some” (Feuerstein, 1992).
South Park Yoga.

* * *
By the time of Muktananda’s death in 1982, his SYDA Foundation operated eleven ashrams and hundreds of meditation centers worldwide. He was initially co-succeeded by his disciple Gurumayi (1955 – present) and her younger brother. Following an alleged power struggle in the mid-1980s in which that latter sibling left the organization under disputed circumstances, however, Gurumayi rules alone (Harris, 1994).

Allegations of abuses and harassment by SYDA can be found at www.leavingsiddhayoga.net, as well as in Harris (1994).

www.strippingthegurus.com/stgsamplechapters/muktananda.html